PHP Roadmap – From Basics to Building Dynamic Web Applications

A Step-by-Step Guide to Mastering PHP for Web Development and Backend Programming

Basic overview

What is PHP?

Why Learn PHP?

Estimated time commitment for the roadmap.

Phases of the PHP Roadmap

Phase 1: Introduction to PHP

What is PHP?

Use Cases of PHP

Setting up Local Development Environment (XAMPP, MAMP, WAMP)

Running First PHP Script

Phase 2: PHP Basics

PHP Syntax and Structure

Variables and Data Types

Operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical)

Constants

Comments

Phase 3: Control Structures

If, Else, ElseIf Statements

Switch Statements

Loops (For, While, Do-While, Foreach)

Break and Continue

Phase 4: Functions in PHP

Defining and Calling Functions

Function Parameters and Return Types

Variable Scope

Built-in vs User-Defined Functions

Phase 5: Arrays and Strings

Indexed and Associative Arrays

Array Functions (array_merge, array_push, etc.)

Multidimensional Arrays

String Functions (strlen, str_replace, substr, etc.)

Phase 6: Forms and User Input

Handling Form Submission with $_GET and $_POST

Data Validation and Sanitization

Preventing XSS and SQL Injection

Phase 7: File Handling

Reading and Writing Files

File Uploads and Validations

Working with Directories

Phase 8: Object-Oriented Programming in PHP

Classes and Objects

Properties and Methods

Constructors and Destructors

Inheritance

Interfaces and Traits

Namespaces

Phase 9: Working with MySQL Database

Connecting PHP to MySQL (MySQLi and PDO)

Performing CRUD Operations

Prepared Statements

Error Handling

Phase 10: Sessions and Cookies

Managing User Sessions

Setting and Retrieving Cookies

User Authentication with PHP

Phase 11: PHP with HTML, CSS & JS

Embedding PHP in HTML

Sending Data to JavaScript

Using PHP to Render Dynamic UI

Phase 12: PHP Security

SQL Injection Prevention

Password Hashing (bcrypt, password_hash)

HTTPS and SSL

Secure File Uploads

Phase 13: PHP Frameworks (Intro)

Introduction to Laravel, CodeIgniter, Symfony

MVC Architecture Basics

When and Why to Use a Framework

Phase 14: APIs and JSON in PHP

Creating REST APIs with PHP

Consuming APIs

Handling JSON Data

Phase 15: PHP Tools and Deployment

Composer (PHP Package Manager)

Debugging with Xdebug

Using phpMyAdmin

Deploying PHP Projects (Shared Hosting, cPanel, or Cloud)

Phase 16: Project Ideas & Practice

To-Do List App

Blog CMS

User Login System

Simple E-commerce Backend

RESTful API with Authentication

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